JCBFM, August 2008.
You
can find all the JCBFM summaries in web format at:
All
articles are listed. My relevance assessment is entirely implicit and is
designated with regard to work we are doing or contemplating RIGHT NOW. The
relevance of an article might change in the future. Those papers with relevance
rated VERY LOW do not get a Sullysummary.
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*1. Migraine and
ischemic stroke: a debated question. Elisabetta Del Zotto et al.
Sullysummary: An epidemiological
link between migraine-with-aura and ischemic stroke has become increasingly
clear. In this (LONG) review, the authors discuss several important hypotheses
- does migraine cause stroke? does stroke cause
migraine? are stroke and migraine part of the same
underlying neurovascular pathology? - and entertain
the idea that migraine is actually a progressive neurodegenerative disease
rather than an episodic one. THere's a lot of handwaving in some parts of this
article, but to their credit the authors make a number of practical
recommendations. Of interest primarily to the clinicians
among us.
Relevance:
Low.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200836a.pdf
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*2. Preischemic
induction of TNF-a by physical exercise reduces blood–brain barrier dysfunction
in stroke. Miao Guo et al.
Relevance:
The senior author on this paper is our colleague Yuchuan Ding. The authors
demonstrate, in a monofilament MCAO model, that exercise on a treademill for 3
weeks prior to ischemia leads to (a) upregulation of TNF-a and ERK1/2, (b)
decreases stroke volume, (c) decreases brain edema, (d) maintains integrity of
the BBB (as measured by Evans Blue extravasation, quantified by spec), (e)
promotes expression of collagen IV, a component of the BL and BBB, and (f)
decreases the level (Western blot) and activity (gel zymography) of MMP-9, a
metalloprotease known to exert untoward effects on the BBB during reperfusion.
This paper has some relevance to our postconditioning work, and is particularly
interesting vis-a-vis the methods. In this JCBFM study, the authors (and,
apparently, the editors) found it unnecessary to document brain perfusion with
either LDF or MRI. Nor did they think it important to document neurobehavioral
outcome. Interesting, and something to consider as we go
forward with our MCAO work (which will be much more elaborate).
One
thing that caught my eye: rats that "were not willing to run were excluded
from further study." One has to wonder if these rats went back to vegging
on the sofa, surfing cable and eating cheetos. Maybe not.
In any event, this paper would seem to suggest that exercise is a sort of
"preconditioning," working through via a TNF-alpha/ERK pathway. I
think some of the data in this paper is a bit thin, but they're probably on to
something.
So...Just
Do It.
Relevance:
Medium-HIGH.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200829a.pdf
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*3. Antiangiogenic
effect of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 on rats with glioblastoma multiforme.
Drazen Zagorac et al.
Relevance:
VERY LOW.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200831a.pdf
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*4. Magnetic
resonance imaging investigation of axonal remodeling and angiogenesis after
embolic stroke in sildenafil-treated rats. Guangliang Ding et al.
Relevance:
VERY LOW.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200833a.pdf
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*5. In situ mouse
carotid perfusion model: glucose and cholesterol transport in the eye and
brain. Julie Cattelotte et al.
Relevance:
VERY LOW.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200834a.pdf
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*6. Neurogenesis
after primary intracerebral hemorrhage in adult human brain. Jianfeng
Shen et al.
Sullysummary: The main finding of this study is that
evidence for neurogenesis can be detected in perihematomal brain regions after
ICH in humans. How did they do it? They took "consenting" patients
undergoing evacuation of intracerebral hematomas to surgery and sampled
perihematomal brain tissue. Only in
(Actually,
that's a little unfair--evacuation almost always results in some debridement. I
scrubbed on the resection of an astrocytoma from some poor lady's temporal lobe
once. Never forget it. During the procedure, the surgeon asked me: "DO you
know how to tell the difference between good brain and bad brain?" I shook
my head. "It's the way it sounds going through the sucker," he said. )
ANYHOO, this data is primarily from immunofluorescence
-- no quantitative data is really provided, so it's all to be taken with a
grain of salt, although I think the conclusions are probably right and no
longer that surprising. When we get our focal ischemia model up and running, we
may want to look at how combination therapy effects neurogenesis in the
penumbra, and at that time this paper might be a useful starting-off point.
Relevance:
LOW
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200837a.pdf
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*7. Adenosine modulates
ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, and p38MAPK activation in the brain of the anoxia-tolerant
turtle Trachemys scripta. Sarah L Milton et al.
Sullysummary:
HEre's what happens when you subject anoxia-resistant turtles to anoxia, with
and without adenosine inhibitor. There are few surprises here: ERK1/2 and Akt
are transiently upregulated and p38 transiently downregulated. All of this was
blocked by aminophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist. However, it is
important to note that aminophylline has _widespread_ physiologic effects (we
don't use it much anymore in clinical medicine because it's too easy to poison
people with it), so the specificity of this finding is in doubt. The authors
conclude that the differenctial modulation of MAPK/Akt pathways may be critical
for neuronal protection during anoxia. Sure.
Relevance:
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200845a.pdf
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*8. Effects of
citalopram infusion on the serotonin transporter binding of [11C]DASB in healthy controls. Rainer Hinz et
al.
Relevance:
VERY LOW.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200841a.pdf
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*9. Dynamic changes in
vascular permeability, cerebral blood volume, vascular density, and size after
transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: evaluation with contrast-enhanced
magnetic resonance imaging. Chien-Yuan Lin et al.
Relevance: VERY LOW.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200842a.pdf
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*10. Regional rates of
cerebral protein synthesis measured with L-[1-11C]leucine
and PET in conscious, young adult men: normal values, variability, and
reproducibility. Shrinivas Bishu et al.
Relevance: VERY LOW.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200843a.pdf
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*12. Measuring
the effects of remifentanil on cerebral blood flow and arterial arrival time
using 3D GRASE MRI with pulsed arterial spin labelling. Bradley J
MacIntosh et al.
Relevance: VERY LOW.
Link
(PDF): http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v28/n8/pdf/jcbfm200846a.pdf
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END SUMMARY.